Mood Emot 2020 Nov; 18(3): 73-82   https://doi.org/10.35986/me.2020.18.3.73
Inattention in Bipolar and Unipolar Depression: Event-Related Potentials Associated with Performing a GoNogo Task
Yeong Suk Lee , MD, Young Joon Kwon , MD, PhD, Hwa Young Lee , MD, Ji Sun Kim , MD, PhD, Se-Hoon Shim , MD, PhD
Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
Correspondence to: Ji Sun Kim, MD, PhD
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea
TEL +82-41-570-2280 FAX +82-41-592-3804 E-mail ideal91@hanmail.net ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-4591
Se-Hoon Shim, MD, PhD
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan31151, Korea
TEL +82-41-570-3853 FAX +82-41-592-3804 E-mail shshim2k@daum.net ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-4591
Ji Sun Kim and Se-Hoon Shim contributed equally to this study.
Received: June 21, 2020; Revised: August 13, 2020; Accepted: September 13, 2020; Published online: November 30, 2020.
© Korean Society for Affective Disorders. All rights reserved.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine the changes in Nogo N2 and P3 amplitudes in patients with bipolar affective disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) and in healthy controls (HCs). The association between attention and Nogo N2 and P3 changes was also investigated.
Methods: The study included 30 participants with BD, 30 participants with MDD, and 30 HCs aged 19-60 years. They performed a GoNogo task while their electroencephalograms were recorded. Beck Depression Inventory and State- Trait Anxiety Inventory were used for evaluation. Furthermore, behavioral measures and GoNogo N2 and P3 amplitudes were compared between the three groups.
Results: Patients with BD or MDD exhibited a significantly poorer performance in Nogo accuracy than the HCs. Patients with BD or MDD showed significantly lower Nogo N2 amplitudes at the frontal, fronto-central, and central electrodes than the HCs. In patients with BD or MDD, the Nogo N2 amplitudes at the frontal or fronto-central electrode were positively correlated with state of anxiety scores and inattention.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that decreased Nogo N2 amplitudes in the frontal or fronto-central areas could be a biological marker for inattention during depressive episodes associated with BD or MDD.
Keywords: Event-related potentials; Bipolar disorder; Major depressive disorder; Attention

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